3:40 PM PT -- Casanova's management team posted his bail, which was set at $10k, and he's been released ... according to bail bondsman Ira Judelson.

The rapper's attorney, Scott E. Leemon, claims the alleged victim has no credibility and lied to the local media to try to make money. Leemon points out Casanova has not been charged with assault, and says any labeling of his client as a person who beats women "is slanderous and will not be tolerated."

9:16 AM PT -- Law enforcement sources tell us Casanova has been charged with felony second-degree robbery.

Casanova just turned himself in to police after catching wind that he was a wanted man -- this after he allegedly attacked a woman in brutal fashion for using her phone.

Law enforcement sources tell TMZ that the "Set Trippin" rapper surrendered to the NYPD in Manhattan Wednesday morning and criminal charges against him are pending.

We broke the story ... a warrant was issued over the weekend for Casanova's arrest in connection to an alleged assault he was involved in from last week. A woman says he and an accomplice beat the crap out of her after they thought she was filming them in a restaurant.

She told PIX11 she was doing nothing more than recording her meal for Instagram Live -- and that her alleged assailants left her with a broken jaw, stitches and a loose tooth.